About this quiz
Public administration and development administration.
This Lok Sewa practice set has 50 multiple-choice questions (Subject: Public Management · For: Nayab Subba, Section Officer, Kharidar · Level: Medium). Take the quiz above first; after that, use the study list below to revise every question with its correct answer and a short explanation.
Study list: all 50 questions with answers and explanations
Who first used the term 'development administration' (1955)?
- A) Woodrow Wilson
- B) U. L. Goswami ✔
- C) Max Weber
- D) Henri Fayol
Why: Indian scholar U. L. Goswami first used the term 'development administration' in 1955.
Which scholar is closely linked with developing the idea of development administration?
- A) Edward Weidner ✔
- B) Adam Smith
- C) Karl Marx
- D) Peter Drucker
Why: Edward Weidner developed and popularised the concept of development administration in the 1960s.
Development administration is mainly:
- A) Status-quo oriented
- B) Change-oriented ✔
- C) Only about collecting revenue
- D) Only about punishment
Why: Development administration is change-oriented: it aims to bring planned social and economic change.
'Administration of development' plus 'development of administration' describes:
- A) Traditional administration
- B) Development administration ✔
- C) Military administration
- D) Judicial administration
Why: Development administration has two sides: administration of development (running programmes) and development of administration (building capacity).
The main aim of traditional (law-and-order) administration is:
- A) Planned social change
- B) Maintaining law, order and revenue ✔
- C) Innovation
- D) People's participation
Why: Traditional administration mainly keeps law and order and collects revenue.
In development administration, people are seen as:
- A) Passive subjects
- B) Active participants ✔
- C) Enemies
- D) Not important
Why: In development administration, people are active participants in planning and implementing development.
Which is a feature of development administration?
- A) Rigid hierarchy
- B) Time-bound, result-oriented programmes ✔
- C) Centralised decisions only
- D) Focus only on rules
Why: Development administration runs time-bound, result-oriented programmes.
The relationship between public administration and development administration is best described as:
- A) Completely opposite
- B) Development administration is a branch and modern direction of public administration ✔
- C) Unrelated
- D) The same as private management
Why: Development administration is a branch and an extension of public administration focused on development goals.
Planned development in Nepal began with:
- A) The First Five-Year Plan (2013–2018 BS) ✔
- B) The 10th Plan
- C) The Constitution of 2072
- D) The Rana regime
Why: Planned development in Nepal began with the First Five-Year Plan (2013–2018 BS).
Which body guides periodic planning in Nepal?
- A) National Planning Commission ✔
- B) Election Commission
- C) Supreme Court
- D) Public Service Commission
Why: The National Planning Commission prepares and guides Nepal's periodic plans.
Which plan is Nepal currently implementing?
- A) 14th Plan
- B) 15th Plan
- C) 16th Plan ✔
- D) 10th Plan
Why: Nepal is implementing the 16th Plan (FY 2081/82–2085/86).
Which is a common problem of development administration in Nepal?
- A) Very high, steady capital spending
- B) Low capital expenditure bunched at year end ✔
- C) No political changes
- D) Perfect coordination
Why: Capital spending in Nepal is low and bunched at the end of the fiscal year, a common problem of development administration.
Decision-making in development administration tends to be:
- A) Decentralised and participatory ✔
- B) Only at the top
- C) Random
- D) Secret
Why: Development administration prefers decentralised, participatory decision-making.
Development administration became important especially for:
- A) Newly independent developing countries after World War II ✔
- B) Ancient kingdoms
- C) Only rich countries
- D) Private companies
Why: It became important for newly independent developing countries after World War II, which needed rapid development.
Which tool is used in Nepal to involve citizens in checking development work?
- A) Public hearing and social audit ✔
- B) Curfew
- C) Secret files
- D) Martial law
Why: Public hearings and social audits let citizens check development work in Nepal.
In Nepali, development administration is:
- A) विकास प्रशासन ✔
- B) स्थानीय प्रशासन
- C) न्याय प्रशासन
- D) राजस्व प्रशासन
Why: Development administration is विकास प्रशासन in Nepali.
In which year was the term 'development administration' first used by Goswami?
- A) 1955 ✔
- B) 1945
- C) 1965
- D) 1990
Why: Goswami first used the term in 1955.
U. L. Goswami was from:
- A) India ✔
- B) USA
- C) UK
- D) Nepal
Why: U. L. Goswami was from India.
Fred W. Riggs is associated with:
- A) Development and comparative administration ✔
- B) Scientific management
- C) Bureaucracy theory
- D) Hierarchy of needs
Why: Fred W. Riggs is known for development and comparative administration, including his prismatic society model.
Weidner described development administration as:
- A) Action-oriented, goal-oriented administration ✔
- B) Status-quo administration
- C) Only revenue collection
- D) Military administration
Why: Weidner described development administration as action-oriented and goal-oriented administration.
'Development of administration' means:
- A) Making the administration itself capable ✔
- B) Building roads only
- C) Collecting taxes
- D) Holding elections
Why: 'Development of administration' means making the administration itself capable through reform and training.
'Administration of development' means:
- A) Running development programmes ✔
- B) Punishing staff
- C) Writing laws
- D) Running courts
Why: 'Administration of development' means planning and running development programmes.
Which feature means focusing on people's needs?
- A) Citizen (client)-orientation ✔
- B) Rigidity
- C) Secrecy
- D) Centralisation
Why: Citizen (client) orientation means focusing on people's needs.
Involving communities, private sector and NGOs is a feature called:
- A) Participation ✔
- B) Isolation
- C) Hierarchy
- D) Status quo
Why: Involving communities, the private sector and NGOs is participation.
Being ready to try new methods is:
- A) Innovation and flexibility ✔
- B) Rigidity
- C) Routine
- D) Conservatism
Why: Being ready to try new methods is innovation and flexibility.
Sensitivity to the social, political and economic environment is called:
- A) Ecological orientation ✔
- B) Isolation
- C) Centralisation
- D) Bureaucratism
Why: Ecological orientation means being sensitive to the social, political and economic environment.
Traditional administration structure is mostly:
- A) Hierarchical and rigid ✔
- B) Flexible and team-based
- C) Participatory
- D) Market-based
Why: Traditional administration is mostly hierarchical and rigid.
Development administration focuses on:
- A) Goals and results ✔
- B) Only rules and procedures
- C) Only law and order
- D) Only revenue
Why: Development administration focuses on goals and results, not only on rules.
The attitude in development administration is:
- A) Service and innovation ✔
- B) Control only
- C) Punishment
- D) Indifference
Why: Its attitude is service and innovation.
Every government needs both law-and-order and development administration because:
- A) Order is the base for development ✔
- B) They are opposite
- C) Development needs no order
- D) Order needs no development
Why: Law and order provides the stable base that development needs, so governments need both.
Nepal's First Five-Year Plan period was:
- A) 2013–2018 BS ✔
- B) 2007–2012 BS
- C) 2020–2025 BS
- D) 2046–2051 BS
Why: The First Five-Year Plan ran from 2013 to 2018 BS.
Which framework links budgets with medium-term plans in Nepal?
- A) Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) ✔
- B) Citizen Charter
- C) Darta book
- D) Customs tariff
Why: The Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) links the annual budget with three-year plans.
A project bank helps development by:
- A) Keeping a ready list of appraised projects ✔
- B) Storing cash
- C) Collecting taxes
- D) Recruiting staff
Why: A project bank keeps a ready list of appraised projects, so funds go to projects that are ready.
Under federalism, much development work is now led by:
- A) Local levels ✔
- B) Only the army
- C) Courts
- D) Foreign governments
Why: Under federalism, local levels lead much of the development work close to people.
Weak implementation and slow project completion are:
- A) Problems of development administration in Nepal ✔
- B) Strengths
- C) Legal duties
- D) Features
Why: Weak implementation and slow project completion are major problems of development administration in Nepal.
Spending bunched in the last months of the fiscal year is often called:
- A) The Asar (year-end) spending rush ✔
- B) Revenue sharing
- C) Grant
- D) Audit
Why: Heavy spending in the last months of the fiscal year is called the Asar spending rush.
Political instability affects development administration by:
- A) Frequent changes in policy and staff ✔
- B) Better continuity
- C) Faster projects
- D) More stable plans
Why: Political instability brings frequent changes of policy and staff, which slows development.
Development administration emerged strongly after:
- A) World War II ✔
- B) World War I
- C) The French Revolution
- D) The Industrial Revolution
Why: Development administration grew strongly after World War II.
Public administration is mainly the work of government in:
- A) Carrying out laws and policies ✔
- B) Running private business
- C) Writing novels
- D) Playing sports
Why: Public administration is the work of government in carrying out laws and policies.
Which is a feature of traditional administration?
- A) Status quo and routine ✔
- B) Change orientation
- C) People's participation
- D) Innovation
Why: Traditional administration keeps the status quo and follows routine.
In development administration, structure tends to be:
- A) Flexible and team-based ✔
- B) Rigid
- C) Military
- D) Hereditary
Why: Development administration uses flexible, team-based structures.
Public hearing (सार्वजनिक सुनुवाइ) is mainly a tool of:
- A) Accountability and participation ✔
- B) Recruitment
- C) Revenue
- D) Customs
Why: A public hearing (सार्वजनिक सुनुवाइ) is a tool of accountability and participation.
Social audit means:
- A) Citizens and stakeholders reviewing a programme's work and spending ✔
- B) Auditing only banks
- C) Police checking
- D) Court trial
Why: A social audit means citizens and stakeholders review a project's work and spending.
Development administration is often called:
- A) Change-oriented administration ✔
- B) Static administration
- C) Colonial administration
- D) Hereditary administration
Why: Development administration is often called change-oriented administration.
Which body prepares periodic plans in Nepal?
- A) National Planning Commission ✔
- B) Public Service Commission
- C) Election Commission
- D) CIAA
Why: The National Planning Commission prepares Nepal's periodic plans.
Monitoring and evaluation in development helps to:
- A) Check progress and results ✔
- B) Delay projects
- C) Hide spending
- D) Avoid accountability
Why: Monitoring and evaluation check progress and results so problems can be fixed.
Weak coordination among agencies causes:
- A) Duplication and delay ✔
- B) Faster work
- C) Lower cost
- D) Better results
Why: Weak coordination among agencies causes duplication and delay.
Which statement is correct?
- A) Development administration is a branch and modern direction of public administration ✔
- B) Development administration has no relation with public administration
- C) Public administration is part of private management
- D) Development administration rejects all rules
Why: Development administration is a branch of public administration focused on development goals.
Development administration is time-bound, which means:
- A) Programmes have deadlines ✔
- B) There is no schedule
- C) Work never ends
- D) Only routine work
Why: Time-bound means programmes have set deadlines.
Results-based thinking in development administration asks:
- A) What changed for people ✔
- B) How many files were opened
- C) How many meetings were held only
- D) Who has higher status
Why: Results-based thinking asks what actually changed for people, not how many files or meetings there were.