Civil Servants: Appointment, Deputation (Kaj), Transfer, Promotion and Leave

🎬 Video explanationCivil Service Act 2049: Classes, Appointment, Leave, Conduct and Punishment (निजामती सेवा ऐन)

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This note covers the career events of a civil servant under the Civil Service Act, 2049 and Civil Service Rules, 2050: how a person is appointed, sent on deputation, transferred, promoted and given leave. Conduct, punishment and retirement are explained in detail in Civil Service Act 2049: Services, Classes, Conduct and Punishment; a short summary is given here too.

1. Appointment (नियुक्ति)

• Vacant posts are filled by open competition, internal competition or promotion, as the law provides.
• Open and internal competition posts are filled on the recommendation of the Public Service Commission.
• 45% of open-competition posts are reserved for women, Adivasi Janajati, Madhesi, Dalit, persons with disabilities and backward areas (inclusion).
• A newly appointed permanent employee serves probation: one year for men, six months for women. After satisfactory work, the appointment is confirmed.
• Types of appointment include permanent, temporary (for a fixed period) and contract.

2. Deputation (काज)

• Kaj means sending an employee to work temporarily in another office or for a special task, without transferring the post.
• The employee keeps the original post; salary is normally paid from it.
• Kaj is used for short-term needs, such as elections, disasters, special projects or meetings; it should not be used to avoid transfer rules.

3. Transfer (सरुवा)

• Transfer moves an employee from one post or office to another of the same level.
• Purposes: to meet staffing needs, to give varied experience, to reduce long stays in one place, and for remote-area service.
• Transfers follow the Act, Rules and transfer norms (सरुवा मापदण्ड); the employee normally completes the minimum period set by the rules before being transferred, except in special cases.
• Too-frequent transfers break the continuity of work; very long stays in one post can encourage bad practice.

4. Promotion (बढुवा)

• Promotion moves an employee to a higher class of post.
• It is decided by a promotion committee, using criteria such as work performance evaluation, seniority, experience in geographical areas, educational qualification and training.
• Some posts are filled by internal competitive examination through the PSC.
• An employee must have served the minimum years in the lower class to become eligible.
• Grade (salary increment): employees also earn yearly grade increments within the same class.

5. Leave (बिदा)

Leave is a facility, not a right: it is approved by the authorised official according to the needs of the office (except leave the law gives automatically).

6. Conduct, retirement and punishment (summary)

• Conduct (आचरण): punctuality, discipline, no political activity, no gifts that affect duty, confidentiality, property disclosure.
• Retirement (अवकाश): compulsory at 58 years of age; voluntary retirement and pension under the law.
• Departmental punishment (विभागीय सजाय): ordinary (censure, withholding promotion or increments) and special (removal or dismissal from service). The employee must get a chance to defend; appeal goes to the Administrative Court.