Burning Issues of Nepal Quiz

In Nepali, burning issues are called:

• A) ज्वलन्त विषय ✔
• B) ऐतिहासिक घटना
• C) भौगोलिक तथ्य
• D) संवैधानिक अंग

Why: Burning issues are ज्वलन्त विषय: current problems of wide public concern, such as poverty, unemployment, health and digital safety, often asked in Paper II.

According to NLSS-IV (2022/23), absolute poverty in Nepal is about:

• A) 20.27% ✔
• B) 50%
• C) 5%
• D) 35%

Why: The fourth Nepal Living Standards Survey (2022/23) found that about 20.27% of Nepalis live below the national poverty line.

NLSS stands for:

• A) Nepal Living Standards Survey ✔
• B) National Labour Statistics System
• C) Nepal Land Survey Scheme
• D) National Loan Support Scheme

Why: NLSS is the Nepal Living Standards Survey, a national household survey on income, spending and living conditions, run by the National Statistics Office.

Multidimensional poverty measures deprivation in:

• A) Health, education and living standard ✔
• B) Only income
• C) Only land
• D) Only remittance

Why: The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) looks beyond income at deprivation in three dimensions: health, education and living standard.

Nepal's multidimensional poverty in MPI 2021 was about:

• A) 17.4% ✔
• B) 40%
• C) 2%
• D) 60%

Why: Nepal's MPI 2021 found about 17.4% of people multidimensionally poor, with much higher rates in rural areas and in Karnali.

Poverty in Nepal is higher in:

• A) Rural areas and provinces like Karnali and Madhesh ✔
• B) Only Kathmandu
• C) Only tourist areas
• D) Nowhere

Why: Poverty is higher in rural areas and in provinces such as Karnali and Madhesh, because of fewer jobs, services and roads.

Which is a cause of poverty?

• A) Low agricultural productivity ✔
• B) High literacy
• C) Full employment
• D) Good health

Why: Most Nepalis depend on farming, and low agricultural productivity (small plots, little irrigation, old methods) keeps incomes low.

Nepal's unemployment rate in NLFS 2017/18 was about:

• A) 11.4% ✔
• B) 1%
• C) 40%
• D) 25%

Why: The third Nepal Labour Force Survey (2017/18) found an unemployment rate of about 11.4%, higher among youth and women.

NLFS stands for:

• A) Nepal Labour Force Survey ✔
• B) National Land and Forest Survey
• C) Nepal Loan and Finance Scheme
• D) National Living Fund Survey

Why: NLFS is the Nepal Labour Force Survey, which measures employment, unemployment and the labour market.

A major effect of unemployment in Nepal is:

• A) Large-scale foreign labour migration ✔
• B) Labour shortage in all sectors
• C) No remittance
• D) Falling population

Why: Lack of decent jobs at home pushes many young people to work abroad, mainly in the Gulf, Malaysia and India.

The Prime Minister Employment Programme aims to:

• A) Provide minimum employment to the unemployed ✔
• B) Recruit army only
• C) Give foreign visas
• D) Close industries

Why: The Prime Minister Employment Programme (प्रधानमन्त्री रोजगार कार्यक्रम) aims to give the registered unemployed at least some days of paid work each year, mainly through local levels.

CTEVT mainly provides:

• A) Technical and vocational training ✔
• B) Military training
• C) Banking services
• D) Court services

Why: CTEVT (Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training) runs and regulates technical and vocational courses to build job skills.

The right to health is in Article:

• A) 35 ✔
• B) 36
• C) 43
• D) 27

Why: Article 35 gives the right to health, including free basic health services from the state and emergency treatment.

Nepal's "double burden" of disease means:

• A) Both communicable and non-communicable diseases are high ✔
• B) Only infections
• C) Only accidents
• D) No diseases

Why: Nepal still has communicable diseases (like TB and diarrhoea) while non-communicable diseases (heart disease, diabetes, cancer) are rising, a double burden.

Which is a non-communicable disease?

• A) Diabetes ✔
• B) Tuberculosis
• C) Dengue
• D) Cholera

Why: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease: it does not spread from person to person and is linked to diet, inactivity and genetics.

The Health Insurance Act was made in:

• A) 2074 BS ✔
• B) 2063 BS
• C) 2049 BS
• D) 2081 BS

Why: The Health Insurance Act, 2074 BS provides for a national health insurance scheme run by the Health Insurance Board.

Food security means:

• A) Everyone always has access to enough safe and nutritious food ✔
• B) Food is stored in warehouses only
• C) Only rice is available
• D) Food is exported

Why: Food security means everyone always has physical and economic access to enough safe, nutritious food for an active, healthy life.

The right regarding food is in Article:

• A) 36 ✔
• B) 35
• C) 43
• D) 16

Why: Article 36 gives every citizen the right to food, protection from starvation and food sovereignty.

The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act was made in:

• A) 2075 BS ✔
• B) 2064 BS
• C) 2049 BS
• D) 2080 BS

Why: The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act, 2075 BS was made to implement Article 36.

Which is a food security problem in Nepal?

• A) Child malnutrition (stunting) ✔
• B) Food surplus everywhere
• C) No imports
• D) Too much fertiliser

Why: Child malnutrition, especially stunting (low height for age), is still a major problem, showing that many children lack nutritious food.

The right to social security is in Article:

• A) 43 ✔
• B) 35
• C) 36
• D) 51

Why: Article 43 gives the right to social security to indigent citizens, senior citizens, single women, persons with disabilities, children and others who cannot care for themselves.

The Social Security Act was made in:

• A) 2075 BS ✔
• B) 2050 BS
• C) 2063 BS
• D) 2081 BS

Why: The Social Security Act, 2075 BS provides for social security schemes, including the contribution-based Social Security Fund.

The contribution-based Social Security Fund scheme started in:

• A) 2075 Mangsir ✔
• B) 2063 Baisakh
• C) 2072 Asoj
• D) 2080 Magh

Why: The contribution-based Social Security Fund (SSF) scheme was launched in Mangsir 2075 BS (November 2018), with employers and workers contributing.

Which is a benefit under the contribution-based SSF?

• A) Pension, medical, accident and maternity benefits ✔
• B) Free land
• C) Foreign travel
• D) Tax-free business

Why: SSF schemes cover medical treatment, maternity, accident and disability, dependent family and old-age (pension) benefits.

Allowances for senior citizens and single women are:

• A) Non-contributory social security ✔
• B) Bank loans
• C) Contribution-based pensions
• D) Taxes

Why: Allowances for senior citizens, single women, persons with disabilities and others are non-contributory: the state pays them from the budget.

A challenge of social security in Nepal is:

• A) Low coverage of informal-sector workers ✔
• B) Too many contributors
• C) No cost
• D) No beneficiaries

Why: Most workers are in the informal sector (farming, small trade, daily wages), so they are hard to bring into contribution-based schemes.

Nepal ended long hours of load-shedding in about:

• A) 2018 ✔
• B) 2008
• C) 1998
• D) 2025

Why: Long daily power cuts (up to 18 hours in winter) ended around 2018, through better management by NEA, new plants and imports.

Nepal exports electricity to:

• A) India and Bangladesh (through India) ✔
• B) Only Japan
• C) Only China
• D) No country

Why: Nepal exports electricity to India, especially in the wet season, and has started exporting to Bangladesh through the Indian grid.

Nepal imports almost all of its:

• A) Petroleum products ✔
• B) Hydropower
• C) Water
• D) Cement only

Why: Nepal has no domestic oil, so it imports almost all petroleum products, mainly from India. This is one of its largest import costs.

Which helps reduce petroleum imports?

• A) Electric vehicles and electric cooking ✔
• B) More diesel cars
• C) More LPG imports
• D) Burning plastics

Why: Using electric vehicles and electric cooking replaces imported fuel and LPG with Nepal's own hydropower.

The Digital Nepal Framework was launched in:

• A) 2019 ✔
• B) 2009
• C) 1999
• D) 2025

Why: The Digital Nepal Framework (2019) is the government plan to use digital technology for growth across sectors such as agriculture, health, education and governance.

The Electronic Transactions Act was made in:

• A) 2063 BS ✔
• B) 2075 BS
• C) 2049 BS
• D) 2081 BS

Why: The Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 BS gives legal recognition to electronic records and digital signatures and punishes cybercrimes.

A risk of social media is:

• A) Misinformation and fake news ✔
• B) Faster information only
• C) E-commerce
• D) E-governance

Why: Social media spreads information quickly, but misinformation and fake news can spread just as fast, causing panic or conflict.

Online fraud and hacking are examples of:

• A) Cybercrime ✔
• B) E-governance
• C) Digital payment
• D) Remittance

Why: Cybercrime is crime using computers or the internet, such as online fraud, hacking and identity theft. Nepal Police has a Cyber Bureau.

In September 2025 (Bhadra 2082), large youth-led protests in Nepal were triggered by:

• A) A ban on unregistered social media platforms ✔
• B) A fuel price cut
• C) A football match
• D) A new airport

Why: Large youth-led protests in September 2025 were sparked by the government's ban on social media platforms that had not registered in Nepal. Anger over corruption added to them.

The protests of September 2025 are popularly called the:

• A) Gen Z movement ✔
• B) Jana Andolan 2046
• C) Madhesh movement 2063
• D) Rana revolution

Why: They are called the 'Gen Z movement' because they were led mostly by young people (Generation Z) and organised largely online.

A balanced approach to social media regulation should:

• A) Protect rights while controlling harmful content ✔
• B) Ban all internet
• C) Allow all crimes
• D) Remove all laws

Why: Good regulation controls harmful content such as fraud and hate speech while protecting freedom of expression (Article 17) and the right to information.

In a Paper II answer on a burning issue, you should include:

• A) Status with data, causes, effects, efforts and suggestions ✔
• B) Only a poem
• C) Only one line
• D) Only personal opinion without facts

Why: A strong answer has a short introduction, the current status with data, causes, effects, government efforts, and practical suggestions, then a conclusion.

Remittance in Nepal mainly comes from:

• A) Nepali workers abroad ✔
• B) Foreign tourists only
• C) Government loans
• D) Exports of electricity

Why: Remittance is money sent home by Nepali workers abroad. It supports household spending and is a major source of foreign currency.

Which programme helps safe childbirth?

• A) Safe motherhood programme ✔
• B) Load-shedding programme
• C) Customs programme
• D) Election programme

Why: The Safe Motherhood Programme encourages births in health facilities with skilled workers, and gives transport incentives and free delivery services.

Food Management and Trading Company helps food security by:

• A) Supplying food to remote areas ✔
• B) Exporting all rice
• C) Banning food imports
• D) Closing depots

Why: Food Management and Trading Company Ltd supplies and stores food grains, especially in remote hill and mountain districts.

Climate shocks like drought affect food security by:

• A) Reducing crop production ✔
• B) Increasing yields
• C) Lowering prices always
• D) Having no effect

Why: Drought, floods and erratic rain reduce crop production, which lowers food supply and raises prices.

Underemployment means:

• A) People work less than they want or below their skills ✔
• B) Full-time high-skill jobs
• C) No population
• D) Retirement

Why: Underemployment means people work fewer hours than they want, or in jobs below their skills, such as a graduate doing casual labour.

Which is a benefit of IT for government?

• A) E-governance and faster services ✔
• B) More paperwork
• C) Longer queues
• D) Hidden records

Why: IT allows e-governance: online forms, payments and records make services faster, cheaper and more transparent.

Which is a cause of high out-of-pocket health costs?

• A) Low coverage of health insurance ✔
• B) Free hospitals everywhere
• C) Too many doctors in villages
• D) No diseases

Why: With low health insurance coverage, patients pay directly from their own pocket for treatment and medicines, which pushes some families into poverty.

Poverty identity cards help to:

• A) Target support to poor households ✔
• B) Collect taxes
• C) Issue passports
• D) Register vehicles

Why: Poverty identity cards identify poor households, so support such as subsidies and programmes reaches those who need it most.

Winter electricity shortage in Nepal happens mainly because:

• A) Run-of-river plants produce less in the dry season ✔
• B) More rain in winter
• C) No demand in winter
• D) Solar panels fail

Why: Most of Nepal's plants are run-of-river, so output falls when river flow drops in the dry winter season.

Storage hydropower projects help to:

• A) Supply electricity in the dry season ✔
• B) Cause load-shedding
• C) Stop exports permanently
• D) Increase petrol imports

Why: Storage (reservoir) projects store monsoon water and release it in the dry season, so they can produce power all year.

A hate speech post online can be:

• A) Punishable under law ✔
• B) Always legal
• C) A government policy
• D) Free speech without limits

Why: Hate speech that spreads hatred against a caste, religion or group can be punished under the Muluki Criminal Code and the Electronic Transactions Act.

Social security allowances are a tool to reduce:

• A) Poverty and vulnerability ✔
• B) Literacy
• C) Tourism
• D) Exports

Why: Regular allowances give vulnerable people a basic income, which helps reduce poverty and vulnerability.

The main source of foreign exchange spent on imports in Nepal is used largely for:

• A) Petroleum products ✔
• B) Electricity exports
• C) Tourism
• D) Pashmina

Why: A large part of Nepal's foreign exchange goes to importing petroleum products, which is why replacing fuel with electricity matters.