About this quiz
Duties of citizens, civil society and civic education.
This Lok Sewa practice set has 52 multiple-choice questions (Subject: Constitution and Governance · For: Nayab Subba, Kharidar, Section Officer · Level: Medium). Take the quiz above first; after that, use the study list below to revise every question with its correct answer and a short explanation.
Study list: all 52 questions with answers and explanations
The duties of citizens are given in which Article?
- A) Article 48 ✔
- B) Article 16
- C) Article 51
- D) Article 76
Why: Article 48 of the Constitution of Nepal, 2072 lists the duties of citizens, at the end of Part 3 on fundamental rights and duties.
How many duties of citizens are listed in Article 48?
- A) 4 ✔
- B) 2
- C) 6
- D) 10
Why: Article 48 lists 4 duties: (a) safeguard nationality, sovereignty and integrity, (b) abide by the Constitution and law, (c) render compulsory service when the State requires, and (d) protect public property.
Which is a constitutional duty of citizens?
- A) Protect and preserve public property ✔
- B) Join a political party
- C) Own land
- D) Travel abroad
Why: Article 48(d) makes it a duty to protect and preserve public property, such as roads, schools and heritage sites.
Which is a constitutional duty of citizens?
- A) Abide by the Constitution and the law ✔
- B) Pay no tax
- C) Avoid voting
- D) Criticise neighbours
Why: Article 48(b) makes it a duty of every citizen to abide by the Constitution and the law.
Rendering compulsory service is a duty:
- A) When the State so requires ✔
- B) Every day
- C) Never
- D) Only abroad
Why: Under Article 48(c), citizens must render compulsory service when the State requires it, for example in a national emergency.
Safeguarding nationality, sovereignty and integrity is:
- A) A duty of every citizen ✔
- B) A right only of officials
- C) Optional
- D) A duty of foreigners
Why: Article 48(a) makes it a duty of every citizen to be loyal to the nation and safeguard its nationality, sovereignty and integrity.
Paying taxes honestly is:
- A) A responsibility of a good citizen ✔
- B) A crime
- C) Optional for all
- D) A fundamental right
Why: Paying taxes honestly is a responsibility of a good citizen, because taxes fund schools, health care and roads for everyone.
"Rights without duties lead to:"
- A) Disorder ✔
- B) Peace
- C) Development
- D) Oppression
Why: If everyone claims rights but ignores duties, people's rights clash and disorder follows. Rights and duties must go together.
Civil society works:
- A) Outside the state and the market ✔
- B) Inside the government
- C) Only for profit
- D) Only in the army
Why: Civil society (the third sector) works outside both the state (government) and the market (profit-making business), for shared public interests.
In Nepali, civil society is:
- A) नागरिक समाज ✔
- B) राजनीतिक दल
- C) सरकारी निकाय
- D) निजी कम्पनी
Why: Civil society in Nepali is नागरिक समाज. It includes NGOs, professional bodies, unions, the media and community groups.
Which is an example of civil society?
- A) Nepal Bar Association ✔
- B) Ministry of Finance
- C) Nepal Army
- D) Supreme Court
Why: The Nepal Bar Association, an association of lawyers, is a professional body outside government, so it is part of civil society.
The Federation of Nepali Journalists is a:
- A) Professional association (civil society) ✔
- B) Government ministry
- C) Political party
- D) Public enterprise
Why: The Federation of Nepali Journalists (FNJ) is a professional association of journalists, so it is part of civil society.
Community forest user groups are:
- A) Community-based organisations ✔
- B) Government ministries
- C) Private companies
- D) Foreign embassies
Why: Community forest user groups (CFUGs) are community-based organisations (CBOs): local people manage and use nearby forests together.
FECOFUN represents:
- A) Community forest user groups ✔
- B) Teachers
- C) Doctors
- D) Lawyers
Why: FECOFUN (Federation of Community Forestry Users Nepal) is the national network representing community forest user groups.
Civil society acting as a watchdog means it:
- A) Monitors government and exposes wrongdoing ✔
- B) Runs the government
- C) Collects taxes
- D) Makes laws
Why: As a watchdog, civil society monitors government actions and exposes corruption or abuse, which makes government more accountable.
Advocacy by civil society means:
- A) Raising people's voices for policy change ✔
- B) Running courts
- C) Printing currency
- D) Commanding the army
Why: Advocacy means raising people's voices, through campaigns, research and dialogue, to change laws and policies.
Civil society providing relief during floods is an example of:
- A) Service delivery ✔
- B) Legislation
- C) Taxation
- D) Judicial review
Why: Giving relief during floods is service delivery: civil society directly provides help such as food, shelter and health care.
Civil society played an important role in the people's movements of:
- A) 2046 and 2062/63 ✔
- B) 1990 BS only
- C) 2007 BS only
- D) None
Why: Professionals, students, journalists and human rights groups played a key role in the people's movements of 2046 BS and 2062/63 BS.
NGOs in Nepal register under the:
- A) Association Registration Act, 2034 ✔
- B) Company Act
- C) Cooperative Act
- D) Army Act
Why: NGOs are registered under the Association Registration Act, 2034 (संस्था दर्ता ऐन, २०३४), usually at the District Administration Office.
Which body coordinates and approves NGO and INGO projects?
- A) Social Welfare Council ✔
- B) Election Commission
- C) Public Service Commission
- D) Nepal Rastra Bank
Why: The Social Welfare Council (समाज कल्याण परिषद्) coordinates, approves and monitors NGO and INGO projects in Nepal.
The Social Welfare Act was made in:
- A) 2049 BS ✔
- B) 2034 BS
- C) 2074 BS
- D) 2063 BS
Why: The Social Welfare Act, 2049 BS set up the Social Welfare Council to coordinate and regulate social organisations.
Freedom to form unions and associations is guaranteed under:
- A) Article 17 ✔
- B) Article 48
- C) Article 51
- D) Article 76
Why: Article 17 (right to freedom) guarantees the freedom to form unions and associations, which lets civil society organisations exist.
A challenge of civil society in Nepal is:
- A) Political division and dependence on foreign funding ✔
- B) Too much transparency
- C) No organisations
- D) Total government control
Why: Many civil society groups are divided along party lines and depend on foreign funding, which can weaken their independence and trust.
Civic awareness means:
- A) Knowing rights, duties and how government works and acting responsibly ✔
- B) Knowing only cricket scores
- C) Avoiding all laws
- D) Only paying fees
Why: Civic awareness means knowing your rights and duties and how government works, and acting responsibly as a citizen.
In Nepali, civic awareness is:
- A) नागरिक चेतना ✔
- B) नागरिकता
- C) नागरिक बडापत्र
- D) नागरिक लगानी
Why: Civic awareness is नागरिक चेतना in Nepali.
Voter education is carried out mainly by the:
- A) Election Commission ✔
- B) Supreme Court
- C) Nepal Army
- D) Department of Customs
Why: The Election Commission runs voter education, teaching people how to register and vote correctly so fewer votes are invalid.
A benefit of civic education is:
- A) Informed voting and respect for law ✔
- B) More corruption
- C) Less participation
- D) Disorder
Why: Civic education leads to informed voting and respect for law, because citizens understand their rights, duties and how to choose leaders.
Attending ward meetings and public hearings shows:
- A) Active citizen participation ✔
- B) Civil disobedience
- C) Corruption
- D) Tax evasion
Why: Taking part in ward meetings and public hearings is active citizen participation in local decisions and in holding officials accountable.
Spreading fake news online is against:
- A) Responsible citizenship ✔
- B) Civic duty to inform
- C) Free press principles
- D) The right to vote
Why: Spreading fake news misleads people and can cause conflict, so it goes against responsible citizenship. It can also be an offence.
Which is NOT civil society?
- A) Ministry of Home Affairs ✔
- B) Human rights NGO
- C) Trade union
- D) Mothers' group
Why: The Ministry of Home Affairs is part of the state (government), so it is not civil society.
Guthis in Nepal are examples of:
- A) Traditional cultural/religious organisations ✔
- B) Government ministries
- C) Private banks
- D) Courts
Why: Guthis are traditional trusts that run religious and cultural activities, festivals and temples, especially among Newar communities.
Civil society acts as a bridge between:
- A) The state and the people ✔
- B) Two private companies
- C) Courts and army
- D) Banks and shops
Why: Civil society carries people's concerns to the state and explains state policies to people, so it acts as a bridge between them.
Protecting the environment and cultural heritage is:
- A) A responsibility of good citizens ✔
- B) Only the army's job
- C) Illegal
- D) Optional for officials only
Why: Protecting the environment and heritage is a citizen's responsibility, so that future generations can also benefit from them.
Duties without rights lead to:
- A) Oppression ✔
- B) Freedom
- C) Prosperity
- D) Equality
Why: If people only have duties and no rights, the state can exploit them, which leads to oppression. Rights protect citizens.
Teachers' unions are part of:
- A) Civil society (labour unions) ✔
- B) The executive
- C) The judiciary
- D) Public enterprises
Why: Teachers' unions are labour unions, which are part of civil society because they organise people outside government to protect members' interests.
Weak transparency of some NGOs can reduce:
- A) Public trust ✔
- B) Corruption
- C) Accountability problems
- D) Nothing
Why: When NGOs don't publish their spending and results openly, people lose public trust in them.
Independent media as civil society helps:
- A) Inform the public and hold power accountable ✔
- B) Run elections
- C) Collect revenue
- D) Make laws
Why: Independent media (the 'fourth estate') informs the public and holds those in power accountable by reporting wrongdoing.
Civic education can be given through:
- A) Schools, media and community programmes ✔
- B) Only the army
- C) Only courts
- D) Only banks
Why: Civic education can be given through schools, media and community programmes, so it reaches people of all ages.
Voting in elections is:
- A) A right and a civic responsibility ✔
- B) Illegal
- C) A duty only of officials
- D) Optional for foreigners
Why: Voting is both a right (Article 84 and election laws) and a civic responsibility, because elected leaders decide for everyone.
Helping victims during disasters reflects:
- A) Civic responsibility and social harmony ✔
- B) Corruption
- C) Illegality
- D) Indifference
Why: Helping disaster victims, as many volunteers did after the 2072 earthquake, shows civic responsibility and social harmony.
Mothers' groups in villages often work on:
- A) Health, savings and community development ✔
- B) Military training
- C) Foreign policy
- D) Court cases
Why: Mothers' groups (आमा समूह) work on health, savings, campaigns against alcohol abuse and local development.
Universities and think tanks are part of civil society as:
- A) Academic institutions ✔
- B) Ministries
- C) Public enterprises
- D) Political parties
Why: Universities and think tanks are academic institutions: they research issues and inform public debate and policy.
Political parties are generally considered:
- A) Part of political society, not civil society ✔
- B) NGOs
- C) Courts
- D) Cooperatives
Why: Political parties seek state power through elections, so they are usually called political society, not civil society.
Which is a good-citizen behaviour?
- A) Keeping public places clean ✔
- B) Damaging public buses
- C) Evading tax
- D) Ignoring laws
Why: Keeping public places clean is good-citizen behaviour, because shared spaces belong to everyone.
The main purpose of civil society is to work for:
- A) Common interests, rights and public good ✔
- B) Personal profit
- C) Military power
- D) State control
Why: Civil society works for common interests, people's rights and the public good, not for profit or state power.
INGO stands for:
- A) International non-governmental organisation ✔
- B) Internal national government office
- C) Indian NGO
- D) International national government order
Why: INGO stands for International Non-Governmental Organisation, such as an international charity working in many countries.
Respecting others' rights is part of:
- A) Responsible citizenship ✔
- B) Corruption
- C) Illegality
- D) Discrimination
Why: Responsible citizenship includes respecting the rights of others, since everyone's rights are equal.
Legal literacy programmes help citizens:
- A) Understand laws and access justice ✔
- B) Avoid all laws
- C) Evade taxes
- D) Ignore courts
Why: Legal literacy programmes help citizens understand the law and how to access justice, for example by getting free legal aid.
Civil society organisations concentrated in cities is a:
- A) Challenge of reach ✔
- B) Strength
- C) Legal requirement
- D) Constitutional duty
Why: When most organisations work in cities, rural and remote people get less help, so limited reach is a challenge.
Citizens' participation in local planning happens through:
- A) Ward meetings and public hearings ✔
- B) Military parades
- C) Bank auctions
- D) Customs offices
Why: Ward meetings and public hearings let citizens propose and review local plans, as the local planning process requires.
Article 48 is in the part of the Constitution dealing with:
- A) Fundamental rights and duties ✔
- B) Executive
- C) Judiciary
- D) Emergency
Why: Article 48 is in Part 3, 'Fundamental Rights and Duties' (Articles 16–48).
Loyalty to the nation is linked with which duty?
- A) Safeguarding nationality, sovereignty and integrity ✔
- B) Paying fees
- C) Voting abroad
- D) Joining unions
Why: Loyalty to the nation is linked with Article 48(a): safeguarding nationality, sovereignty and integrity.