🎬 Video explanationE-Governance and Safe Use of ICT (ई गभर्नेन्स र आईसीटीको सुरक्षित प्रयोग)
⏱ 4 min read
📘 Kharidar syllabus: Paper III, Section A, Units 1.11 and 1.12 · Open the full Kharidar course
E-governance means using information and communication technology (ICT) to deliver government services, share information and run administration. Paper III asks for its general introduction and the precautions to take when using ICT. More on Nepal’s IT laws is in IT in Nepal.
1. Models of e-governance
| Model | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| G2C | Government to Citizen | Online applications, Nagarik App, tax payment |
| G2B | Government to Business | Online company registration, e-bidding (e-GP) |
| G2G | Government to Government | Data sharing between ministries and offices |
| G2E | Government to Employee | Online attendance, payroll, personnel records |
2. E-governance in Nepal (examples)
- Digital Nepal Framework (2076 BS / 2019) guides digital transformation.
- Nagarik App: one app for many citizen services.
- Hello Sarkar: online grievance system.
- e-GP (bolpatra): electronic public procurement.
- Online tax filing (IRD), online passport and licence applications, online PSC applications.
- Government Integrated Data Centre hosts government systems.
- Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 gives legal validity to electronic records and digital signatures.
3. Benefits
- Faster, cheaper and 24-hour services.
- Transparency and less corruption (fewer face-to-face payments).
- Better records and data for planning.
- Services reach remote areas.
4. Challenges
- Digital divide: poor internet and low digital literacy in rural areas.
- Cyber security threats and data leaks.
- Power cuts, weak infrastructure, lack of trained staff.
- Systems that do not talk to each other.
5. Importance of ICT in office work
- Quick communication (email, video meetings).
- Digital records, quick search and backup.
- Online services, accounting systems (CGAS, SuTRA) and reporting.
- Better coordination and monitoring.
6. Precautions for safe use of ICT (सावधानीहरू)
| Do | Do not |
|---|---|
| Use strong passwords and change them regularly | Share passwords or OTP codes with anyone |
| Turn on two-step verification | Click unknown links or attachments (phishing) |
| Keep antivirus and software updated | Use pirated software |
| Lock the screen when leaving the desk | Leave confidential files open on screen |
| Take regular backups of important data | Plug in unknown USB drives |
| Use official email for official work | Post official secrets on social media |
| Use secure (password-protected) Wi-Fi | Use public Wi-Fi for official systems |
Personal data of citizens must be kept private; the Individual Privacy Act, 2075 (वैयक्तिक गोपनीयता सम्बन्धी ऐन) protects it.
7. E-government and e-governance
| Point | E-government | E-governance |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Using ICT inside government offices | Using ICT in the whole relationship between government, citizens and business |
| Main aim | Efficient internal work: files, accounts, records | Better service, participation, transparency and accountability |
| Example | Office file tracking and computerised accounts | Online grievances, open data, online public hearings |
E-governance is the wider idea: it includes e-government plus how citizens and businesses take part through digital means.
8. Example: a citizen using an online service
- 1. The citizen opens the official portal or the Nagarik App (only from the official site or app store).
- 2. They log in with their own account, using their national ID or mobile number and OTP.
- 3. They fill in the form and upload scanned documents.
- 4. They pay the fee online through a bank, wallet or ConnectIPS.
- 5. They receive a reference number and an SMS or email update, and visit the office only if needed, such as for biometrics.
For the office, this means less crowding, a digital record of every step, and fewer chances for middlemen and bribes.
9. What to do if a cyber incident happens in an office
- Disconnect: unplug the affected computer from the network to stop the spread.
- Do not delete: keep messages and files as evidence.
- Report: inform the IT focal person or office chief at once.
- Change passwords of affected accounts from a safe device.
- Restore from backup after the system is cleaned.
- Report serious cases to the Nepal Police Cyber Bureau.
10. How this topic is asked in the exam
- Objective: G2C, G2B, G2G, G2E; the Electronic Transactions Act 2063; the Digital Nepal Framework; Hello Sarkar; e-GP.
- Short answer: “What is e-governance? Write its benefits” or “Write the precautions for safe use of ICT in an office.”
- Long answer: “Explain e-governance in Nepal with its challenges.” Cover models, examples, benefits, challenges and the safety measures in section 6.
📌 Key points to remember
- E-governance = using ICT to deliver services and run government.
- Models: G2C, G2B, G2G, G2E.
- Examples: Nagarik App, Hello Sarkar, e-GP, online tax filing; Digital Nepal Framework 2019.
- Electronic Transactions Act 2063 gives legal validity to e-records and digital signatures.
- Safety: strong passwords, two-step verification, updates, backups, no phishing links, lock screen.
📝 Quiz
Test yourself: E-Governance (विद्युतीय शासन) and Safe Use of ICT in Government Offices
50 questions on Models of e-governance, Challenges and Precautions for safe use of ICT (सावधानीहरू). Each attempt picks 25 at random.
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