History of Nepal notes for Lok Sewa: ancient and medieval Nepal, the Licchavi and Malla periods, the unification of Nepal, the Rana period, the democratic movements and the political changes that led to the federal republic. Notes follow the order of events with key dates, people and treaties that are often asked in General Knowledge papers. Read them in order once, then revise with the quizzes.
Nepal has four sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List: two cultural and two natural. The Kathmandu Valley site alone has seven monument zones. Lok Sewa asks when each site was listed, what the seven zones are, and facts about famous temples and stupas. This note covers all of these.
Nepal’s history and borders were shaped by treaties with Tibet, China, British India and independent India. Lok Sewa frequently asks which treaty ended which war, which treaty recognised Nepal’s independence, and the main water agreements with India. This note lists the major treaties in time order with their key points.
Between 2052 and 2065 BS, Nepal went through an armed conflict, a royal massacre, a royal takeover, a massive people’s movement, a peace agreement and finally the end of the monarchy. These events led to the Constitution of 2072. This note sets them out in order with the key dates asked in Lok Sewa.
For thirty years, from 2017 to 2046 BS, Nepal was ruled under the partyless Panchayat system led by the king. Lok Sewa asks about how it began, its structure, main reforms, the referendum of 2037 BS and how it ended with the People’s Movement of 2046 BS. This note covers each stage in order.
The revolution of 2007 BS ended 104 years of Rana rule and brought democracy to Nepal. It combined the work of political parties, an armed struggle by the Mukti Sena, and King Tribhuvan’s bold move to leave the palace. This note explains the parties, main events, the Delhi Agreement and the results, in the order asked in Lok Sewa.
On the night of 31 Bhadra 1903 BS, a massacre in the Kot courtyard of Kathmandu changed Nepal’s history. Within a short time, Jung Bahadur Kunwar became Prime Minister, removed his rivals and the king, and founded the hereditary Rana rule that lasted 104 years. This note explains the Kot, Bhandarkhal and Alau events and Jung Bahadur’s main works.
The Anglo-Nepal War between Nepal and the British East India Company (1871 to 1872 BS, 1814 to 1816 AD) ended Nepal’s expansion and cost it about one-third of its territory under the Treaty of Sugauli. The bravery of Nepali soldiers at Nalapani and Deuthal is still remembered. This note explains the causes, main battles, heroes, treaty terms and results.
After King Prithvi Narayan Shah died in 1831 BS, his successors continued the unification campaign, fought wars with Tibet, China and the British, and saw powerful regents and prime ministers control the state. This period, from 1831 BS to the Kot Parva of 1903 BS, explains how Nepal reached its largest size and then lost land at Sugauli. This note lists the rulers, regents, wars and key events in order.
Kharidar Paper I unit 2.2.2: Nepal from 2046 to 2062 BS: People’s Movement 2046, Constitution 2047, elections, Maoist conflict, royal massacre and royal takeover.
History questions in Lok Sewa often go back before the unification of Nepal: who was the first Kirat king, which inscription is the oldest dated one, who started Nepal Sambat, and how the Kathmandu Valley was divided among the Mallas. This note covers the Gopal, Mahishpal, Kirat, Licchavi and Malla periods in a simple, exam-ready form, with the kings, inscriptions and monuments that are asked most often.
