About this quiz
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act 2074 and disaster management cycle.
This Lok Sewa practice set has 50 multiple-choice questions (Subject: Public Management · For: Nayab Subba, Section Officer, Kharidar · Level: Medium). Take the quiz above first; after that, use the study list below to revise every question with its correct answer and a short explanation.
Study list: all 50 questions with answers and explanations
Which Act replaced the Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 2039?
- A) Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2074 ✔
- B) Local Administration Act, 2028
- C) Good Governance Act, 2064
- D) Environment Protection Act, 2076
Why: The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2074 replaced the Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 2039 and shifted the focus from relief to reducing risk.
Who chairs the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council?
- A) President
- B) Prime Minister ✔
- C) Home Minister
- D) Chief Justice
Why: The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council is the top policy body under the 2074 Act and is chaired by the Prime Minister.
Who chairs the Executive Committee under the DRRM Act?
- A) Home Minister ✔
- B) Finance Minister
- C) Prime Minister
- D) CDO
Why: The Executive Committee, which implements the Council's policies and approves plans, is chaired by the Home Minister.
NDRRMA stands for:
- A) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority ✔
- B) National Development and Road Management Agency
- C) Nepal Disaster Relief and Medical Association
- D) National Drought and Rain Monitoring Authority
Why: NDRRMA is the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority, the federal agency that coordinates DRR work day to day.
NDRRMA works under which ministry?
- A) Ministry of Home Affairs ✔
- B) Ministry of Finance
- C) Ministry of Health
- D) Ministry of Education
Why: NDRRMA works under the Ministry of Home Affairs, which leads disaster management in Nepal.
Who chairs the District Disaster Management Committee?
- A) CDO ✔
- B) Mayor
- C) Chief Minister
- D) DCC chief
Why: The District Disaster Management Committee is chaired by the Chief District Officer (CDO).
Who chairs the Local Disaster Management Committee?
- A) Mayor or Chairperson of the local level ✔
- B) CDO
- C) Ward secretary
- D) Home Minister
Why: The Local Disaster Management Committee is chaired by the Mayor or Chairperson of the municipality or rural municipality.
The Provincial Disaster Management Council is chaired by the:
- A) Chief Minister ✔
- B) Province Head
- C) Chief Secretary
- D) Speaker
Why: The Provincial Disaster Management Council is chaired by the Chief Minister of the province.
Building codes and land-use planning belong to which phase?
- A) Prevention and mitigation ✔
- B) Response
- C) Recovery
- D) None
Why: Building codes and land-use planning stop disasters or reduce their impact before they happen, so they belong to prevention and mitigation.
Search and rescue belongs to which phase?
- A) Response ✔
- B) Mitigation
- C) Preparedness
- D) Planning only
Why: Search and rescue happens during and right after a disaster, so it is part of the response phase.
Drills, stockpiles and emergency plans belong to:
- A) Preparedness ✔
- B) Recovery
- C) Response
- D) Reconstruction
Why: Drills, stockpiles of relief items and emergency plans prepare people to act well when a disaster comes, so they are preparedness.
Which is a non-natural (human-made) disaster?
- A) Earthquake
- B) Flood
- C) Fire or industrial accident ✔
- D) Landslide
Why: The Act separates natural disasters (earthquake, flood, landslide) from non-natural ones such as fire, industrial accidents and road accidents.
Disaster risk increases with:
- A) Hazard and vulnerability ✔
- B) Only capacity
- C) Only rainfall
- D) Only population
Why: Disaster risk rises with hazard and vulnerability and falls with capacity. More exposure to a hazard with weak capacity means higher risk.
Which international framework guides DRR for 2015–2030?
- A) Sendai Framework ✔
- B) Kyoto Protocol
- C) Paris Agreement
- D) Hyogo Treaty 2030
Why: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 is the UN global framework that Nepal follows.
The National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC) works under:
- A) Ministry of Home Affairs ✔
- B) Ministry of Tourism
- C) Supreme Court
- D) Election Commission
Why: The National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC) at Singha Durbar works under the Ministry of Home Affairs and coordinates emergency response.
In Nepali, the DRRM Act is:
- A) विपद् जोखिम न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापन ऐन, २०७४ ✔
- B) दैवी प्रकोप (उद्धार) ऐन, २०३९
- C) स्थानीय प्रशासन ऐन, २०२८
- D) वातावरण संरक्षण ऐन
Why: The Act's Nepali name is विपद् जोखिम न्यूनीकरण तथा व्यवस्थापन ऐन, २०७४. The old one was दैवी प्रकोप (उद्धार) ऐन, २०३९.
The old Natural Calamity (Relief) Act was of:
- A) 2039 ✔
- B) 2049
- C) 2028
- D) 2064
Why: The old Natural Calamity (Relief) Act was made in 2039 BS and focused mainly on relief after disasters.
The main shift of the DRRM Act is from relief to:
- A) Risk reduction before disaster ✔
- B) Only relief after disaster
- C) Ignoring disasters
- D) Punishment
Why: The 2074 Act moves the focus from relief after a disaster to reducing risk before it, through prevention, preparedness and planning.
In Nepali, disaster is called:
- A) विपद् ✔
- B) विकास
- C) विवाद
- D) विधेयक
Why: Disaster is विपद् in Nepali. विकास means development, विवाद dispute and विधेयक bill.
A disaster causes loss beyond the community's:
- A) Coping capacity ✔
- B) Budget only
- C) Population
- D) Area
Why: An event becomes a disaster when the loss is greater than what the affected community can handle with its own resources (its coping capacity).
A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a:
- A) Natural disaster ✔
- B) Human-made disaster
- C) Economic policy
- D) Legal term
Why: A glacial lake outburst flood happens when a glacial lake suddenly breaks its natural dam. It is a natural disaster.
An epidemic is classified in the Act as a:
- A) Non-natural disaster ✔
- B) Natural disaster only
- C) Economic crisis
- D) Political event
Why: Under the Act, epidemics are listed among non-natural disasters, together with fire, industrial accidents and similar events.
A possible dangerous event is called a:
- A) Hazard ✔
- B) Disaster
- C) Capacity
- D) Recovery
Why: A hazard is a possible dangerous event, such as an earthquake or flood, that may cause harm. It becomes a disaster only when it causes serious loss.
How easily people or things can be harmed is:
- A) Vulnerability ✔
- B) Capacity
- C) Hazard
- D) Response
Why: Vulnerability means how easily people, buildings or systems can be harmed by a hazard, for example weak houses or poverty.
What reduces disaster risk?
- A) Capacity ✔
- B) Vulnerability
- C) Hazard
- D) Poverty
Why: Capacity, such as skills, resources, safe buildings and warning systems, reduces disaster risk. Vulnerability and hazard increase it.
River training and early warning belong to:
- A) Prevention and mitigation ✔
- B) Response
- C) Recovery
- D) None
Why: River training and early warning systems reduce the damage a flood can do before it happens, so they are prevention and mitigation.
Temporary shelter and first aid belong to:
- A) Response ✔
- B) Preparedness
- C) Mitigation
- D) Planning
Why: Temporary shelter and first aid are given immediately after a disaster, so they are part of response.
'Build back better' is a principle of:
- A) Recovery and reconstruction ✔
- B) Response
- C) Preparedness
- D) Mitigation
Why: 'Build back better' means rebuilding safer than before after a disaster. It is a principle of recovery and reconstruction.
Emergency operation centres are part of:
- A) Preparedness and response systems ✔
- B) Revenue
- C) Elections
- D) Recruitment
Why: Emergency operation centres collect information and coordinate action, so they are part of preparedness and response systems.
Who sets national DRR policy and plans?
- A) National DRRM Council ✔
- B) Ward committee
- C) District court
- D) School board
Why: The National DRRM Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, sets national disaster policy and plans.
Who implements policies and approves plans at federal level?
- A) Executive Committee ✔
- B) NEOC only
- C) DCC
- D) Ward office
Why: The Executive Committee, chaired by the Home Minister, implements the Council's policies and approves plans at federal level.
NDRRMA was formed in:
- A) 2076 BS ✔
- B) 2039 BS
- C) 2072 BS
- D) 2081 BS
Why: NDRRMA was formed in 2076 BS (2019) under the 2074 Act.
NDRRMA is headed by a:
- A) Chief Executive ✔
- B) Governor
- C) Chief Justice
- D) Mayor
Why: NDRRMA is led by a Chief Executive appointed by the government.
The National Emergency Operation Centre is called:
- A) NEOC ✔
- B) NDRRMA
- C) NPC
- D) NRB
Why: The National Emergency Operation Centre is called NEOC.
Disaster management funds exist at:
- A) Federal, provincial, district and local levels ✔
- B) Only federal level
- C) Only banks
- D) Only schools
Why: The Act provides disaster management funds at federal, provincial, district and local levels, so money is ready when a disaster strikes.
Which security forces can be mobilised for rescue?
- A) Nepal Army, Nepal Police and Armed Police Force ✔
- B) Only private guards
- C) Only foreign forces
- D) None
Why: The Nepal Army, Nepal Police and Armed Police Force can be mobilised for search, rescue and relief.
The government may declare a disaster-affected area to:
- A) Mobilise resources quickly ✔
- B) Stop all help
- C) Hold elections
- D) Increase taxes
Why: Declaring a disaster-affected area lets the government mobilise people, money and resources quickly there.
NGOs, private sector and volunteers work:
- A) In coordination with government bodies ✔
- B) Without any coordination
- C) Against government
- D) Only after 10 years
Why: NGOs, the private sector and volunteers must work in coordination with government disaster bodies so efforts do not overlap or leave gaps.
Individuals and organisations have a duty to:
- A) Follow safety standards and help in emergencies ✔
- B) Ignore warnings
- C) Build without codes
- D) Hide hazards
Why: The Act gives individuals and organisations a duty to follow safety standards and help during emergencies.
The Sendai Framework priority 'understand risk' means:
- A) Know hazards, vulnerability and exposure ✔
- B) Ignore data
- C) Only respond after disaster
- D) Avoid planning
Why: Sendai priority 1, 'understanding disaster risk', means knowing the hazards, vulnerability and exposure in an area before planning.
The 2072 Gorkha earthquake shows Nepal's:
- A) High seismic risk ✔
- B) No disaster risk
- C) Low vulnerability
- D) Perfect preparedness
Why: The 2072 BS (2015) Gorkha earthquake killed nearly 9,000 people and showed Nepal's high seismic risk.
Weak enforcement of building codes increases:
- A) Vulnerability ✔
- B) Capacity
- C) Recovery
- D) Budget
Why: When building codes are not enforced, weak buildings collapse easily. This increases vulnerability.
Limited capacity at local level is a:
- A) Challenge ✔
- B) Strength
- C) Legal requirement
- D) Benefit
Why: Many local levels lack trained staff, money and equipment for DRR. Limited local capacity is a major challenge.
The Local Disaster Management Committee is headed by:
- A) Mayor or Chairperson ✔
- B) CDO
- C) Province Head
- D) Chief Justice
Why: The Local Disaster Management Committee is headed by the Mayor or Chairperson of the local level.
Who chairs the District Disaster Management Committee?
- A) CDO ✔
- B) Ward chair
- C) Mayor
- D) Home Minister
Why: The District Disaster Management Committee is chaired by the CDO.
Lightning and cold waves are:
- A) Natural hazards ✔
- B) Human-made hazards
- C) Laws
- D) Policies
Why: Lightning and cold waves are weather-related natural hazards that cause many deaths in Nepal each year.
Drills in schools and offices are part of:
- A) Preparedness ✔
- B) Recovery
- C) Response
- D) Reconstruction
Why: Earthquake and fire drills in schools and offices are preparedness activities.
Land-use planning reduces risk by:
- A) Avoiding building in hazard-prone areas ✔
- B) Encouraging building on riverbanks
- C) Removing all buildings
- D) Increasing vulnerability
Why: Land-use planning keeps houses and infrastructure out of hazard-prone areas such as riverbanks and landslide zones.
Disaster risk management is mainly the responsibility of:
- A) All three levels of government with communities ✔
- B) Only the army
- C) Only foreign donors
- D) Only the CDO
Why: Under the federal system, DRR is the shared responsibility of federal, provincial and local governments working with communities.
Coordination problems in DRR often arise among:
- A) The three levels of government ✔
- B) Planets
- C) Courts only
- D) Banks only
Why: Coordination problems often arise among the federal, provincial and local governments because their roles overlap.