In a government office, almost every decision starts with a tippani: a short official note that explains a matter and proposes what should be done. The second paper of Kharidar and Nayab Subba often asks candidates to write a tippani or explain its parts. This note gives the meaning, parts, types and features of a good tippani, with a simple format.
1. Meaning of tippani
- A tippani is a written official note prepared on a file to explain a matter and propose a decision to the authority.
- It is prepared by the dealing staff (often a Kharidar, Nayab Subba or Section Officer) and passes upward to the decision maker.
- The decision is written on the tippani itself, so it becomes a permanent record of why and how the decision was made.
2. Parts of a tippani
| Part | Content |
|---|---|
| Heading | Name of office, section and date |
| Subject (bishaya) | One-line summary of the matter |
| Background | How the matter arose: letter, application or order, with reference number and date |
| Analysis | Facts, problems and points to consider |
| Legal basis | Relevant Act, rules, directives, budget head or earlier decisions (precedents) |
| Options | Possible choices, if any |
| Proposal / recommendation (prastav) | Clear statement of what decision is proposed |
| Signature | Name, post and date of the person preparing and forwarding it |
3. Types of tippani
| Type | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Decision-seeking (nirnayartha) tippani | Asks the authority to take a decision |
| Information (jankari) tippani | Informs the authority without asking for a decision |
| Simple (short) tippani | For routine matters, a few lines |
| Detailed tippani | For complex or policy matters, with full analysis |
4. Features of a good tippani
- Brief and clear: only necessary facts in simple language.
- Factual and impartial: no personal feelings or bias.
- Based on law: always cite the relevant Act, rule or decision.
- Numbered paragraphs for easy reference.
- Logical order: background, analysis, legal basis, then proposal.
- Clear proposal at the end so the authority can decide easily.
- Written in formal language, usually in the third person.
5. Decision and tok adesh
- After reading the tippani, the authority writes the decision on it, for example “sadar” or “manjur” (approved as proposed), or writes a different order.
- A tok adesh is a short order written by an officer on a letter or file (for example “for action” or “please discuss”).
- Once approved, the dealing section prepares letters (chalani) to carry out the decision.
- The approved tippani is kept in the file as evidence; it should never be removed or changed.
Simple format: Office name → Subject → “Shriman … jyu,” → 1. Background → 2. Analysis and legal basis → 3. Proposal: “…so it is submitted for decision.” → Prepared by: name, post, date → Decision: sadar / order, signature.
6. A complete sample tippani
The example below is made up for practice. The office name, vehicle number and amounts are only examples. Read it once in Nepali, then check each part against the table in section 2.
जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, (जिल्लाको नाम)
प्रशासन शाखा · मिति: २०८३/०७/२०
विषय: कार्यालयको जीप मर्मत खर्च स्वीकृत गर्ने सम्बन्धमा ।
श्रीमान् प्रमुख जिल्ला अधिकारीज्यू,
१. यस कार्यालयको प्रयोगमा रहेको जीपको इन्जिनमा खराबी आई मिति २०८३/०७/१५ देखि सञ्चालनमा आउन नसकेको व्यहोरा सवारी चालकको प्रतिवेदनबाट जानकारी भएको छ ।
२. मर्मतका लागि तीनवटा वर्कशपबाट दरभाउपत्र माग गर्दा न्यूनतम कबोल अङ्क रु. ४५,०००/- (मूल्य अभिवृद्धि कर सहित) प्राप्त भएको छ । तुलनात्मक विवरण यसैसाथ संलग्न छ ।
३. चालु आर्थिक वर्षको स्वीकृत बजेटको सवारी साधन मर्मत शीर्षकमा पर्याप्त रकम बाँकी रहेको छ र प्रचलित सार्वजनिक खरिद कानुनबमोजिम दरभाउपत्रका आधारमा मर्मत गराउन सकिने देखिन्छ ।
४. अतः न्यूनतम दरभाउपत्रदातासँग रु. ४५,०००/- मा जीप मर्मत गराउने र भुक्तानी गर्ने गरी निर्णयार्थ यो टिप्पणी पेश गरेको छु ।
पेश गर्ने: (नाम), नायब सुब्बा · सदर गर्ने: (नाम), प्रमुख जिल्ला अधिकारी
निर्णय: सदर । (दस्तखत, मिति)
How the parts map: point 1 is the background, point 2 is the analysis with evidence, point 3 is the legal and budget basis, and point 4 is the proposal (prastav). The authority’s “सदर” (approved) turns the proposal into a decision, and the section then prepares the letters (chalani) to carry it out.
7. Common mistakes to avoid
- No clear subject: the subject line should say exactly what decision is sought, not just “regarding the letter”.
- Missing legal or budget basis: without it the authority cannot decide safely, and auditors may later raise beruju.
- Opinion instead of facts: write what the documents show, not personal views about people.
- Vague proposal: “please decide as you think fit” is weak; state the amount, the party and the action.
- Too long: a routine matter needs a short tippani; save detailed analysis for policy or complex cases.
8. Tippani, tok adesh and letter: the difference
| Tippani | Tok adesh | Letter (patra) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who writes it | Dealing staff | Officer or chief | Section, signed by an authorised officer |
| Purpose | Explain a matter and propose a decision | Give a short instruction on a file or letter | Tell another office or person about a decision |
| Length | Short to detailed | One line | Short and formal |
| Where it stays | Inside the office file | On the file or letter | Sent out through chalani; office copy kept |
9. How this is asked in the exam
- Objective: meaning of “sadar”, “tok adesh”, “prastav”, and which part of a tippani comes last.
- Short answer: “Write the parts and features of a good tippani.”
- Practical: “Write a tippani to buy office furniture” or “…to approve a staff member’s leave”. Use the format in section 6: subject, background, analysis, legal basis, proposal, signature. Numbered points and a clear proposal earn most of the marks.
📌 Key points to remember
- Tippani: official note on a file explaining a matter and proposing a decision.
- Parts: subject, background, analysis, legal basis, options, proposal, signature.
- Types: decision-seeking (nirnayartha), information (jankari), simple and detailed.
- A good tippani is brief, factual, impartial, law-based and in numbered paragraphs.
- The proposal (prastav) comes at the end.
- “Sadar” or “manjur” means approved as proposed.
- Tok adesh is a short order written on a letter or file.
- The approved tippani is a permanent record of the decision.
Test yourself: Tippani Lekhan (Official Note Writing)
Practise Meaning of tippani, Types of tippani and Decision and tok adesh with 50 questions. Each attempt picks 25 at random.